When someone experiences sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), every second counts. Each year, over 350,000 cardiac arrests occur outside of hospitals in the United States alone, with the majority happening at home or in public places. Unfortunately, survival rates are low—less than 10%—when bystanders do not intervene immediately. However, if an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is used within the first few minutes, the chances of survival can increase by up to 70%. AEDs are designed to be straightforward, even for those without medical training, and they provide critical, life-saving instructions in real-time.
In this guide, we’ll break down how to use an AED properly, answer common questions, address troubleshooting tips, and explain when and how to activate emergency services.
Step 1: Recognize the Signs and Call for Help
If someone suddenly collapses and is unresponsive:
Check for responsiveness by tapping them and shouting.
Look for signs of breathing and circulation.
Call 911 immediately if the person is unresponsive, not breathing, or has abnormal breathing patterns (gasping, etc.).
Having someone else call 911 while you prepare to use the AED is ideal. If you’re alone, call 911 on speaker mode so you can stay with the person while awaiting instructions.
Step 2: Turn on the AED
Locate and turn on the AED by pressing the power button. Many AEDs will have voice prompts that guide you step-by-step.
Listen carefully to the prompts; AEDs are designed to be straightforward and provide clear instructions.
Note: Some AED models may start automatically when the lid is opened, while others will require you to press the power button.
Step 3: Attach the AED Pads
Remove the pads from the packaging. AED pads are usually labeled to indicate correct placement.
Expose the chest and apply the pads as shown on the diagrams on the pads themselves. Typically:
One pad goes on the upper right side of the chest.
The other pad goes on the lower left side, below the armpit.
Ensure the chest is dry and free from excessive hair (AED kits usually include a small razor for this purpose). Proper pad placement is essential for the AED to accurately analyze the heart rhythm.
Step 4: Stand Clear and Allow the AED to Analyze
Ensure no one is touching the person while the AED analyzes the heart rhythm.
Listen to the AED prompts. If a shock is advised, the device will instruct you to press a button to deliver the shock.
Important: Stand clear when delivering the shock and ensure everyone around is also clear.
Step 5: Perform CPR if Needed
If no shock is advised, begin CPR immediately, as directed by the AED prompts. Perform 30 compressions followed by two rescue breaths.
Continue to follow AED prompts, which may tell you when to pause for a rhythm analysis again.
Common Questions About AED Use
1. Who Can Use an AED?
AEDs are designed to be used by anyone, even without formal medical training. Voice prompts guide the user through every step.
2. Is it Safe to Use an AED on a Wet Surface?
It’s best to dry the person’s chest as much as possible before applying the pads. AEDs are generally safe to use, but avoid areas with excessive moisture to prevent risk of injury.
3. Can I Use an AED on a Child?
Many AEDs come with pediatric pads or settings for children under 8 years old or below a specific weight. Check the device or packaging to see if it has pediatric capabilities. If only adult pads are available, use them, ensuring they do not touch each other on the smaller chest area.
4. What if the AED Pads Don’t Stick Well?
If the pads won’t adhere to the skin due to excessive sweat or hair, wipe the area dry or shave the hair as needed. AED kits often contain supplies like razors and wipes for this purpose.
5. Will I Be Liable if Something Goes Wrong?
In many regions, Good Samaritan laws protect laypersons who assist in emergencies with AEDs, as long as they act reasonably and follow the device’s instructions.
Troubleshooting Common AED Issues
AED Won’t Turn On: Check the battery or any connection points, and ensure the power button is fully pressed.
Pads Won’t Adhere: Dry the skin or shave excessive hair as needed.
AED Keeps Repeating “Check Pads” or “Poor Contact”: Reposition the pads firmly on the chest and ensure they are fully connected to the device.
No Shock Advised but Person is Unresponsive: Continue CPR as instructed. Some rhythms do not require defibrillation, and CPR is critical in these cases.
Activating Emergency Services and Post-AED Care
Call 911 at the beginning of the emergency if it hasn’t been done yet.
Continue AED and CPR cycles until emergency medical personnel arrive or the person regains consciousness.
Provide emergency responders with all relevant information, including the use of the AED and how many shocks (if any) were delivered.
Summary: Quick Tips for Using an AED
Turn on the AED and follow the voice prompts.
Attach the pads as shown on the diagrams.
Stand clear for analysis and shock delivery if advised.
Perform CPR between AED analyses if no shock is advised.
Stay calm and follow each step, letting the AED guide you.
Remember, the AED is designed to be user-friendly, so it will lead you through each step, allowing you to act confidently. Even if you're unsure, attempting to use the AED is better than not intervening at all. Your actions could save a life.
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